accumulate In general, the cases of laminitis in the spring. On this occasion, a summary of current approaches to the development of laminitis. The start of the grazing season is critical but not for a few horses but there are other causes of laminitis. The following is a brief summary. A detailed description of the relationships in of laminitis can be found in the appropriate area EquiVetInfo laminitis.
regard to the theories about the causes of laminitis has changed a lot in recent years.
The causes of laminitis can be divided into three groups :
- acute "poisoning" by
- carbohydrates
- sepsis (blood poisoning)
- infections ( eg placenta)
- intestinal inflammation, Colic
- Various toxins
- metabolic diseases
- insulin resistance
- metabolic syndrome horse
- Cushing syndrome of the horse
- Mechanical shutter
- Belastungsrehe
The main trigger for laminitis are metabolic disorders and acute, "poisoning". With the word "poison" must be handled in this context, some caution because they are not poisoning, as they commonly imagine. The poisoning is based on the passage of bacterial components in the systemic circulation, causing in that a cascade of harmful reactions that can result in the destruction of the proximal lamellar junction and laminitis.
plays Contrary to popular conventional presumption of protein for laminitis no role. "Protein poisoning" is not a classic trigger for laminitis. We now know that not the protein, but certain carbohydrates (sugar, starch and fructan) in the lining of the horses are the triggers for laminitis. If a horse on the Pasture or after the looting of the feed wagon gets an acute laminitis, is not the protein, but carbohydrates are the recorded fault.
In acute "poisoning" it depends mostly on the running dramatic acute, severe foundered. It is here that the founder, how they imagine the usual way and ends usually with a coffin bone rotation .
are at the metabolic disorders associated with insulin resistance, in the foreground. In response to insulin resistance to insulin, the body no longer normal and derailed the sugar metabolism of the body. This leaves the blood sugar level permanently high, which is for the body and especially the vessels very harmful. About complex mechanisms not yet fully understood, it is to damage the proximal lamellar junction.
There are two reasons for equine insulin resistance.
- Metabolic Syndrome of the horse (EMS)
- Cushing syndrome of the horse (ECS)
metabolic syndrome in horses - EMS
the Metabolic Syndrome the horse or the equine metabolic syndrome (EMS) If it is a disease of energy and sugar metabolism with insulin resistance. The affected horses are invariably over-fat. In the heart of the disease standing "organ" is a special fat. This fatty tissue is contrary to previous idea not a passive storage tissue but a very active endocrine gland. The fat produced by neurotransmitters or hormones are responsible for the insidious damage of the proximal lamellar junction, leading to laminitis.
lack of exercise and overeating are the main reasons for the formation of abnormal fat deposits and the formation of the EMS.
horse with severe obesity and EMS
EMS is in its early stages does not (or hardly) visible. The laminitis, caused by EMS runs a chronic insidious and inconspicuous. Many of the horses show more of a Hufbeinsenkung than a coffin bone rotation. The major thrust with acute lameness and typical Rehesymptomen is only the beginning of the disease at once. For horse owners the laminitis is then often for no apparent reason out of the blue.
If EMS is the horse, developed a vicious cycle that is almost impossible to break. The disease itself is replaced
vicious cycle of metabolic diseases with insulin resistance
only adequate with adjusted movement can stop feeding the vicious circle. Because of laminitis, but this is not possible in most horses, so the prognosis is very bad for these horses long term.
Cushing's syndrome in horses - ECS
Under the Cushing syndrome of the horse or the Cushing syndrome (ECS) defined as a disease of the pituitary gland, which is associated with certain hormonal disorders . The cause of ECS, in contrast to Cushing man no tumor the pituitary gland, but an age-related malfunction. The body's own cortisol levels is not necessarily an increase in the horse, he can be. A malfunction of the pituitary gland develops in a great many horses from the age of about 18 years. The impact is not all horses can be seen clearly.
The most common symptoms of Cushing's in horses are:
- Long "winter coat" in the summer
- Light sweating
- exercise intolerance - lethargy
- Poor muscling
- infertility
- Poor wound healing
- Weakened Immune system
- High water intake and urine production
- laminitis - frequent Hufgeschwüre
- insulin resistance
- fat distribution as EMS
These symptoms are merely possible, they must appear not. Many horses with ECS are rather thin, but still they have the abnormal fat deposits.
The emergence of ECS is favored by many years of fatty degeneration of the horses or can develop as terminal illness to EMS.
Because of obesity and abnormal Fettpolter see both diseases outwardly similar, in some horses.EMS - Metabolic syndrome
- civilization disease
- overfeeding
- Even at a young age
- normal hair dress
ECS - Cushing
- age disease
- obesity without overeating
- Usually only in old horses
- lasting "winter coat"
Typical older horse with a long coat and bad conformation.
The Metabolic Syndrome of the horse (EMS) usually occurs between the ages of 8 to about 18 years, Cushing syndrome, the horse (ECS) only after roughly 18 years.
In both conditions can be treacherous as the beginning or not is very difficult to detect. The onset of both diseases is insidious and not apparent.
Because there is the problem of insulin resistance is understandable that horses with ECS also prone to laminitis. The connections are exactly as described in EMS.
horses with EMS or ECS are compared with the classical Hufreheauslösern more vulnerable than healthy horses. A normal diet change, "stressed" Grass with high fructan content on frosty days, or even the inclusion of larger amounts of normal grass immediately leads to deterioration or an acute episode of laminitis.
fructan
fructan is a carbohydrate in pasture grass or hay. Because fructan is bad for the horse to digest, it can result in significant disruption of the bacterial flora in the gut. This disruption of the bacterial flora in turn causes poisoning, which can end in the laminitis.
The concentration of fructan in grass depends on various factors. Apart from the different types of grass the weather plays the biggest role.
Not only the fructan content, but the absolute intake of grass with generally high energy content, can trigger a deer. This is similar in impact than if a horse uncontrolled looting the food cart! Because the grass is not always dangerous, you can try by appropriately managing the risk of horses to the critical periods and pasture conditions to protect. The Rehegefahr by fructan is general over the whole year, but it will vary according to the weather and time of day.
evidence
- Generally you must be in horses with pre-existing conditions (EMS, ECS, laminitis) special care
- One should avoid any drastic changes in diet.
- Whenever grass is stressed, is increased caution or is grazing ban
- case of strong short-term climate changes with impact on the grass (especially in spring and autumn), the risk increases significantly
- In days of frost or temperatures just above freezing point ( to 5 °), the grass is dangerous
- the afternoon and evening on a cold, dry sunny day it can be critical to
- overgrazed or freshly mown pasture, the grass is also stressed
- drought or lack of fertilizer are stressors for grass
· grass that begins to bloom, although a delicacy is dangerous and should be vulnerable horses are shunned
- principle one should risk horses (if all other factors are taken into account!) tend to times of day on the pasture send
- which photosynthesis is reduced (in the dark / cloudy) and
- plant growth is favored (high heat and humidity).
- In certain weather conditions, it may therefore be useful horse late at night or very early in the morning to send out to the pasture and in the morning when the sun is increasing, to get from the paddock.
